《民法典》视域下土地经营权担保法律制度研究

Research on the Legal System of Land Management Right Guarantee from the Perspective of the Civil Code

中文关键词: 土地经营权担保  土地经营权抵押  土地经营权  土地承包经营权

英文关键词: guarantee of land management right  mortgage of land management right  land management right  land contracting and management right

中文摘要:

      《中华人民共和国民法典》构建了土地经营权担保法律制度的宏观框架和基本原则，针对试点实践中土地经济价值难以实现和土地经营权担保融资效果不明显的问题，从学理和规范层面入手，提出土地经营权担保物权的权利性质为抵押权，担保类型为抵押。以流转为标准区分担保主体，不发生流转时，主体为土地承包经营权人和金融机构；发生流转时，主体为土地经营权人和金融机构。应当在《中华人民共和国民法典》视域下结合土地经营权担保的适用困境，明确土地经营权担保的主、客体，采用登记生效主义，探索担保权利实现方式，并进一步完善配套制度建设。

英文摘要:

      The Civil Code establishes a macro framework and basic principles for the legal system of land management right guarantee. In view of the problems that the economic value of land is difficult to realize and the financing effect of land management right guarantee is not obvious in pilot practice, starting from the academic and normative levels, it is proposed that the right nature of real property of land management right guarantee is mortgage, and the type of guarantee is mortgage. Distinguishing the guarantee subjects based on the rural land circulation, when there is not rural land circulation, subjects are the land contracting and management right holders and financial institutions; when the transfer occurs, the subjects are the land management right holders and financial institutions. It is necessary to clarify the subject and object of land management right guarantee from the perspective of the Civil Code in combination with the applicable difficulties of land management right guarantee, adopt registration effectiveness doctrine, explore the realization methods of guarantee rights, and further improve the construction of supporting systems.