德国延伸式满师考试制度及其启示

Extended Master Craftsman Exam of Vocational Education in Germany andIts Enlightenment

中文关键词: 德国职业教育  延伸式满师考试  独立性  外部评价

英文关键词: German vocational education  Extended Master Craftsman Exam  independence  external evaluation

中文摘要:

      德国延伸式满师考试(GestreckteGesellenprüfung)是 2005年德国新修改的《联邦职业教育法》生效后出现的新型考试方式。考试合格的学员获得工商业协会和手工业协会的满师证书。满师考试由行会负责，对符合条件的学生开展，在考试结构、形式题型、组织过程等方面做出了严格规定；满师考试具有考试内容综合性、真实性，考试组织独立性，注重过程性评价与结果性评价相结合等特点。该制度对提升我国职业院校考试改革的启示在于，毕业考试的评价方式从学校主导到行业主导，制定相对统一的考试标准、围绕工作过程的综合性的考试内容，采用多样化的职业教育考试形式与方法等。

英文摘要:

      The Extended Master Craftsman Exam (Gestreckte Gesellenprüfung in German) of vocational education has been put into effect after the revised German Vocational Education Act came into force in 2005. Those who pass the exam will obtain the master certification issued by the Industrial and Commercial Association (Industrie-und Handelskammer, IHK) and the Handicraft Association (Handwerkskammer, HWK). The two associations are responsible for stipulating the exam structure, exam format and organizing process. The characteristics of the exam are the comprehensive authenticity of the exam content, the independence of the examination organization, emphasizing the combination of process evaluation and result evaluation. The enlightenments of the exam for the graduating examination of vocational education in China include setting up the external examination evaluation methods guided by employer and the relatively uniform examination standards, choosing the comprehensive examination content about the working process, and adopting the diversified forms and methods of vocational education examination, etc.